Crime Library: Criminal Minds and Methods

The Zodiac Killer

BY Jake Wark

Footnotes

Riverside Footnotes

  1. F. Rene Modglin, Pathologist's Autopsy Protocol, 22 December 1966.  This report is exhaustive and contains no mention of the 42 stab wounds alleged by some researchers.
  2. Various sources describe the weapon as either 1.5" or .5" inches wide; the California Department of Justice describes it as both in the same report.  The tiebreaker is the autopsy report, which specifies the dimension.
  3. Doug Oswell, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 11 December 2000; Tom Voigt, www.ZodiacKiller.com 17 December 2000.
  4. The shoes may have been military in origin, but were not Wing Walkers, as has been reported by other sources.
  5. "RCC co-ed, 18, slain on campus" (Riverside Press, 31 October 1966)

The First Letter Footnotes

  1. FBI Laboratory Worksheet, 15 May 1974
  2. While one-time Chief Document Examiner Sherwood Morrill determined that the typewriter was a portable Royal using Canterbury shaded Elite typeface, researcher Tom Voigt cites an early FBI report dated 1 December 1966 that identifies it as "most probably" a Royal Merit using Pica typeface.
  3. "Police send murder confession to state's crime experts" (Riverside Press, 1 December 1966)
  4. Tom Voigt and Mike Butterfield, citing Det. Steve Shumway et al, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 30 November 2000
    Howard Davis, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 9 March 2001

Another Letter Footnotes

  1. FBI Laboratory Worksheet, 24 April 1974
  2. FBI Laboratory Worksheet, 3 May 1974
  3. Mike from OK, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 7 April 2001
  4. "Lawmen exchange Bates, Zodiac data" (Riverside Press, 19 November 1970)

Vallejo Footnotes

  1. Autopsy report, Office of the Coroner of Solano County, 21 December 1968
  2. Mike R. of NJ, email to the author, May 2000
  3. Tom Voigt, www.ZodiacKiller.com, December 1998
  4. Robert Graysmith, Zodiac, p.12

Ferrin and Mageau Footnotes

  1. Ed Rust, Vallejo Police Department report, 6 July 1969
  2. Ibid.
  3. Ibid.

Phone Calls Footnotes

  1. Robert Graysmith, Zodiac, p. 38; Calif. Department of Justice, Special Report: Zodiac Homicides, 1971.
  2. John Lynch, Vallejo Police Department Report, 5 July 1969; John Lynch, Vallejo Police Department Report, 6 July 1969; Ed Rust, Vallejo Police Department Report, 7 July 1969
  3. John Lynch, Vallejo Police Department report, 11 July 1969
  4. Richard Hoffman, Vallejo Police Department Report, 5 July 1969; Ed Rust, Vallejo Police Department Report, 6 July 1969; "Badly Wounded Youth Holds Key to Gun Mystery" (Vallejo Times-Herald, 6 July 1969); Dave Peterson, "Killer's Sole Survivvor Talks" (Vallejo News-Chronicle, 19 August 1969).
  5. Sgt. Odiorne, Vallejo Police Department Report, 5 July 1969.  Contrary to the account offered by author Robert Graysmith, there is no evidence that calls were made to Darlene's or Dean's families.
  6. Pam Huckaby, February 1998
  7. Nancy Slover, Vallejo Police Department report, 8 July 1969
  8. The booth was not across the street from Darlene's Virginia Street house, as depicted in Graysmith's Zodiac.  Acoording to researcher Ed N, it was "down the street, around the corner, and about eight ... blocks north along Tuoloumne at the intersection of Springs, about half a mile" from the Ferrin residence.

Cryptic Message Footnotes

  1. "A 'Murder Code' Broken" (San Francisco Chronicle, 9 August 1969)

The Zodiac Footnotes

  1. FBI Lab report, 18 August 1969; FBI Lab report 20 August 1969
  2. FBI Lab report, 20 August 1969
  3. "Coded Clue in Murders" (San Francisco Chronicle, 2 August 1969)
  4. Ed N, www.ZodiacKiller.com, September 2000.  While researcher Tom Voigt quotes a California Department of Justice report stating that this letter was received by the San Francisco Chronicle, the Chronicle never reports receiving it.  An article in the competing Examiner, however, does mention that it was received at the Examiner (Vallejo Threats: 'Cipher Killer's' New Letter," San Francisco Examiner, 4 August 1969), indicating that the DOJ made a minor mistake.  This would appear to be borne out by an FBI Airtel dated 6 August 1969 which lists an "undated three page letter... sent anonymously to the San Francisco Examiner."

Lake Berryessa Footnotes

  1. Ray Land, Napa County Sheriff's Department Report, 29 September 1969
  2. Kenneth Narlow & Richard Lonergan, Napa County Sheriff's Department Report, 5 October 1969.  This account appears to be the inspiration for a similar but apocryphal story in Graysmith's Zodiac.

Shepard and Hartnell Footnotes

  1. The location given by Robert Graysmith as the site of the attack is incorrect.  Twin Oak Ridge, confirmed by Ken Narlow as the true site, is actually a short walk north of the peninsula diagrammed in ZODIAC (Mike R, 1999)
  2. Robert Graysmith, ZODIAC, p.317
  3. Ibid., p.68
  4. Brian Hartnell, interview with Det. Sgt. John Robertson, Napa County Sheriff's Department, 28 September 1969
  5. Kenneth Narlow & Richard Lonergan, Napa County Sheriff's Department Report, 5 October 1969
  6. Brian Hartnell, interview with Det. Sgt. John Robertson, Napa County Sheriff's Department, 28 September 1969
  7. Ibid.
  8. Kenneth Narlow & Richard Lonergan, Napa County Sheriff's Department Report, 5 October 1969.  Hartnell's oft-quoted statement, "I'm chicken," may have been an embellishment added by Ranger William White, who used the phrase on television shortly after the attack. No record of the word is shown in any interview with Hartnell.

Evidence Footnotes

  1. Tom Voigt, ZodiacKiller.com, September 2000.  Of all the prints found, the palm print was "the only one they had confidence in," according to Voigt.

The Suspect Footnotes

  1. Robert Graysmith, "Subject: The Zodiac Killer" (APBNews.com, 7 December 1999)
  2. Crimes of the Century, HBO, 1988
  3. Tom Voigt, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 1999
  4. Insp. Toschi or Armstrong, SFPD Intra-Departmental Memorandum, 19 October 1969
  5. California Dept. of Justice, Special Report: Zodiac Homicides, 1971

Threats Footnotes

  1. Chief LT Kinkead, letter to Sheriff Earl Randol, 20 October 1969

Taunting Police Footnotes

  1. FBI Airtel to Identification Division, 10 November 1969
  2. The diagram can now be found in their CD-ROM, Dr. Zodiac.

Highway 132 Footnotes

  1. Officer Bauer, San Joaquin County Sheriff-Coroner's Office report, March 1970
  2. Ibid.
  3. Paul Avery. "New Clues Link Zodiac to Earlier Killing," San Francisco Chronicle, 16 November 1970
  4. Officer Bauer, San Joaquin County Sheriff-Coroner's Office report, March 1970; Jim Lovett, Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department report, 23 March 1970

More Threats Footnotes

  1. FBI Airtel from San Francisco SAC to Identification Division, 8 May 1970
  2. Robert Graysmith, ZODIAC, p. 148

The Halloween Card Footnotes

  1. Kathleen Johns, interview with Howard Davis and Johnny Smith, 1 January 1998

The Riverside Connection Footnotes

  1. Paul Avery, "Zodiac Link is Definite" (San Francisco Chronicle, Nov. 17, 1970)
  2. "Lawmen exchange Bates, Zodiac data" (Riverside Press, Nov. 19, 1970)

The LA Times Letter Footnotes

  1. Mike Butterfield, "My Riverside Activity," February 1999
  2. Tom Voigt, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 2000

Final Letters Footnotes

  1. Report of the FBI Laboratory, 8 March 1974
  2. Gareth Penn, TIMES 17, p. 300
  3. Report of the FBI Laboratory, 8 March 1974
  4. FBI Airtel from San Francisco SAC to FBI Laboratory, 16 August 1974; FBI Laboratory Worksheet, 6 September 1974
  5. Report of the FBI Laboratory, 8 March 1974
  6. Report of the FBI Laboratory, 8 September 1974

Controversy Footnotes

  1. Mike Weiss, "New Zodiac Disclosures" (SF Chronicle, 14 July 1978)
  2. Ibid.

Possible Authors Footnotes

  1. "Four experts term Zodiac letter fake" (SF Examiner, 3 August 1978)
  2. FBI memorandum, 23 August 1974
  3. Jim Edwards, "Was Zodiac Killer Given Time to Cover Tracks?" (APBNews.com, 7 December 1999)

A Tip Footnotes

  1. Det. John Lynch, Vallejo Police Department report, 6 October 1969
  2. Sgt. Jack Mulanax, Vallejo Police Department report, 9 August 1971

Donald Cheney Footnotes

  1. Charles W. Crumly, Manhattan Beach Chief of Police, in a letter to Insp. David Toschi, 19 July 1971
  2. Ibid.
  3. Ibid.
  4. Sgt. Jack Mulanax, Vallejo Police Department report, 11 August 1971

The Case Against Arthur Allen Footnotes

  1. Charles W. Crumly, Manhattan Beach Chief of Police, in a letter to Insp. David Toschi, 19 July 1971
  2. Insp. William Armstrong, affidavit for search warrant, 14 September 1972
  3. Ibid.
  4. Tom Voigt, interview with the author, 15 December 2000
  5. Tom Voigt, www.ZodiacKiller.com,8 January 2001
  6. Ibid.
  7. Tom Voigt, www.ZodiacKiller.com, 18 February 2001
  8. Tom Voigt, interview with the author, 15 December 2000

Allen's Interview Footnotes

  1. Sgt. Jack Mulanax, Vallejo Police Department report, 9 August 1971
  2. Ibid.
  3. Ibid.

No Evidence Footnotes

  1. Capt. Roy Conway, affidavit for search warrant, 21 February 1991
  2. Ibid.
  3. "Signs point to Vallejo man," Vallejo Times-Herald, 1 August 1991

Still A Favorite Footnotes

  1. Sgt. Jack Mulanax, Vallejo Police Department report, 11 August 1971

Jake Wark's site: with further information about the Zodiac murders
Tom Voigt's site: is another source of information on the Zodiac murders

 

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Chapters
  1. The Zodiac Killer
  2. The First Letter
  3. Bates Had To Die
  4. Speculation
  5. Vallejo
  6. Ferrin and Mageau
  7. Phone Calls
  8. Cryptic Message
  9. This is the Zodiac Speaking
  10. Lake Berryessa
  11. Shepard and Hartnell
  12. Evidence
  13. San Francisco
  14. The Suspect
  15. Threats
  16. Taunting Police
  17. Melvin Belli
  18. Highway 132
  19. More Threats
  20. The Summer of '70
  21. The Halloween Card
  22. The Riverside Connection
  23. The LA Times Letter
  24. 1974 Reappearance
  25. Final Letters
  26. The 1978 Letter
  27. Controversy
  28. Possible Authors
  29. A Look at Lake Berryessa
  30. Fingerprint Evidence
  31. A Tip
  32. Donald Cheney
  33. The Case Against Arthur Allen
  34. Allen's Interview
  35. No Evidence
  36. Still A Favorite
  37. What's Going on with the Zodiac?
  38. Mystery Has its own Allure
  39. Footnotes
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