It happened in Camden, New Jersey in 1920. Sixty-year old
David Paul was carrying a satchel full of money for his employer.
He was to deliver it across the bridge to another company in
Philadelphia, but he disappeared. Over a week later, some
hunters found his body near a stream, buried in a shallow grave.
He'd been beaten and shot. Although the ground was dry, his
clothing was soaked, and there were tire tread marks nearby.
What surprised investigators was that the time of death was
estimated at approximately twenty-four hours before he was found.
That meant that he'd been missing for nine days before he was
killed. It appeared that he'd decided either to leave with the
money and had been killed in the process, or he'd been held some
place against his will before being murdered.
The detective on the case, Ellis Parker, thought the time of
death estimation was flawed. He used clues from the scene to
come up with a better theory, and managed to trace a pair of glasses
to Paul's neighbor, Frank James. James appeared to be in
cahoots with another man, Raymond Schuck, and they had been seen
together spending large sums of money. However, both had
alibis for the estimated time of Paul's murder.
Parker then looked at tanning factories on the stream, and the
water yielded a high content of tannic acid, a strong preservative.
If the body had been submerged in it, decomposition would have been
retarded, foiling the medical examiner's typical methods for
determining time of death.
When confronted with the likelihood, James confessed. He
said that he and Schuck had dumped the body in the water, but later
had retrieved and buried it. Both were convicted and sentenced
to death.
Even with the best modern tools at their disposal, investigators
still have trouble with accurate estimates. Let's look at two
cases that got a lot of attention and see why time of death
assessment is both complicated and crucial.
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